Sistem File (Filesystem)
Hal pertama yang patut diingat adalah Sistem File Linux (ext2) -termasuk Sistem File UNIX lainnya- tidak mengenal istilah drive seperti di DOS atau Windows (contoh: Drive C:, Drive D: dst). Sistem File Linux menggunakan sistem hirarki dan penyatuan (direktori dalam direktori) yang memperlakukan semua file, direktori dan device driver (termasuk diskdrive, floppy disk dan cd-rom drive) sebagai file.
Sistem File Linux/UNIX mendukung nama file sebanyak 256 karakter (tetapi hindari simbol dan tanda kutip kecuali titik - . – dan titik dapat digunakan berkali-kali dalam satu nama file (contoh: ini.nama.file). Semua perintah di Linux bersifat case-sensitive (huruf besar dan kecil diartikan berbeda) dan menggunakan tanda \ (slash) - dalam DOS/Windows digunakan tanda \ (backslash).
Linux seperti halnya UNIX mempunyai fasilitas bantu yaitu perintah man dengan sintaks – man namaperintah.
Ada empat kategori file dalam Sistem File UNIX/Linux yaitu:
File Biasa yang terdiri dari:
File teks – dalam format standar ASCII
File data – dalam format bukan ASCII (karakter khusus)
File teks perintah – dalam format ASCII tetapi merupakan sekumpulan perintah otomatis (script)
File perintah – dalam format binari
Direktori
Tautan (links) – lihat pembahasan Menghubungkan file
Device Driver Khusus – perangkat keras
Sedangkan susunan hirarki dalam Sistem File UNIX/Linux adalah sebagai berikut:
/ - direktori root
/bin – berisi file-file perintah dasar dalam bentuk binari
/boot – berisi informasi yang dibutuhkan ketika mem-boot komputer
/dev – berisi file-file device drivers
/etc – berisi file-file tambahan yang rata-rata adalah untuk administrasi sistem
/home – direktori untuk pengguna (user)
/lib – berisi file-file library
/sbin – berisi file-file untuk superuser atau root dan file binari untuk startup sistem
/tmp – berisi file-file sementara/temporer
/usr – berisi file dan direktori untuk perintah tambahan baik dalam bentuk binari ataupun script
/var – berisi file-file variabel yang mendefinisikan sistem
Masing-masing distribusi mempunyai sedikit perbedaan terutama dibagian direktori mounting (lihat daftar istilah) seperti:
RedHat:
Floppy Disk dan CD Drive diletakkan di direktori - /mnt/floppy dan /mnt/cdrom
Disk Drive diletakkan di direktori yang ditentukan sendiri oleh sistem administrator
Slackware:
Floppy Disk dan CD Drive diletakkan di direktori /floppy dan /cdrom
Disk Drive sama seperti di RedHat
Tetapi untuk urusan direktori mounting sebenarnya tergantung pada sang sistem administrator sendiri hendak meletakkannya dimana sehingga perbedaan ini sebenarnya bukanlah masalah yang besar.
Www.sapujagad.com
Sabtu, 04 Juli 2009
Senin, 22 Juni 2009
IP adress lookup
C:\Documents and Settings\Axioo>nslookup
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 10.17.3.254: Timed out
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 202.43.178.245: Timed out
*** Default servers are not available
Default Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
> set type=ns
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
Non-authoritative answer:
yuwie.com nameserver = ns2.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns3.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns4.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns1.mydomain.com
ns3.mydomain.com internet address = 66.150.161.137
ns4.mydomain.com internet address = 63.251.83.74
> set type=a
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
> set type=ptr
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
> set type=cname
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
>
C:\Documents and Settings\Axioo>nslookup
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 10.17.3.254: Timed out
Default Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
> set type=ns
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
Non-authoritative answer:
vivanews.com nameserver = dns1.vivanews.com
vivanews.com nameserver = dns2.vivanews.com
dns1.vivanews.com internet address = 202.129.216.43
dns2.vivanews.com internet address = 202.129.216.44
> set type=a
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: vivanews.com
Address: 202.129.216.42
> set type=ptr
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
vivanews.com
primary name server = vivanews.com
responsible mail addr = root.vivanews.com
serial = 200808343
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 14400 (4 hours)
expire = 3600000 (41 days 16 hours)
default TTL = 86400 (1 day)
> set type=cname
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
vivanews.com
primary name server = vivanews.com
responsible mail addr = root.vivanews.com
serial = 200808343
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 14400 (4 hours)
expire = 3600000 (41 days 16 hours)
default TTL = 86400 (1 day)
>
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 10.17.3.254: Timed out
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 202.43.178.245: Timed out
*** Default servers are not available
Default Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
> set type=ns
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
Non-authoritative answer:
yuwie.com nameserver = ns2.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns3.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns4.mydomain.com
yuwie.com nameserver = ns1.mydomain.com
ns3.mydomain.com internet address = 66.150.161.137
ns4.mydomain.com internet address = 63.251.83.74
> set type=a
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
> set type=ptr
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
> set type=cname
> yuwie.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 10.17.3.254
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to UnKnown timed-out
>
C:\Documents and Settings\Axioo>nslookup
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Can't find server name for address 10.17.3.254: Timed out
Default Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
> set type=ns
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
Non-authoritative answer:
vivanews.com nameserver = dns1.vivanews.com
vivanews.com nameserver = dns2.vivanews.com
dns1.vivanews.com internet address = 202.129.216.43
dns2.vivanews.com internet address = 202.129.216.44
> set type=a
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: vivanews.com
Address: 202.129.216.42
> set type=ptr
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
vivanews.com
primary name server = vivanews.com
responsible mail addr = root.vivanews.com
serial = 200808343
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 14400 (4 hours)
expire = 3600000 (41 days 16 hours)
default TTL = 86400 (1 day)
> set type=cname
> vivanews.com
Server: ns2.cepat.net.id
Address: 202.43.178.245
vivanews.com
primary name server = vivanews.com
responsible mail addr = root.vivanews.com
serial = 200808343
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 14400 (4 hours)
expire = 3600000 (41 days 16 hours)
default TTL = 86400 (1 day)
>
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